– Clip 1 Introduction – Clip 2 Course Description – Clip 3 Test Parameters – Clip 4 Test Equipment – Clip 5 Overview – Clip 6 Logging Overview – Clip 7 First run – Clip 8 Second charge – Clip 9 Third charge update – Clip 10 Impulse to DC Measurement – Clip 11 Increased frequency and pulse width – Clip 12 Test system at rest – Clip 13 Chart one Module – Clip 14 Calculation 1 – Clip 15 Calculation 2 – Clip 16 Overview two Modules – Clip 17 Starting level for two Module testing – Clip 18 First run – Clip 19 Complete test – Clip 20 Detailed measurements – Clip 21 Chart two Modules – Clip 22 Calculation 3 – Clip 23 Calculation 4 – Clip 24 Summary – Clip 25 End of part 1

Clip 1

Clip 1

 In the first part of solid state battery charging I focus on one and two modules charging. I will investigate how the power consumption to power output is and the charging performance.

Clip 2

Clip2

Part 1
Solid State Battery charging
Module 1+2

– Analyze the performance of one and two modules of the Isolation transformer
– Compare power input to power output
– Measure the charging rate and compare with the 60 Watt charger

Clip 3

Clip 3

Test Parameters

1. Voltage source is a Bench Top Power Supply
2. Charging one battery with 12 Volt and 8 AH
3. Two Amplifier Modules with IRFP450 MOSFET
4, 10 coil/windings Isolation transformer

Clip 4

Clip 4

Test Equipment Part 1

Tools

– Keithley 2110 Bench Digital Multimeter 5.5
– Agilent InfiniVision 3000 Series oscilloscope DSO3014A
– Tenma DMM 7432
– Agilent U1231A
– Agilent IR-Bluetooth adapter U1177A
– HP Laptop
– Bench Top Power Supply 20 Volt 5 A
– AC/DC current probe to DMM from Agilent

Clip 5

Clip 5

I start now with my solid state performance measurement. We start with the one module system. The setup to measure is complex and I will later on present a diagram on my website. WE use as before the Keithly to measure the battery voltage change from the impulse of the back EMF. I have added an additional current probe here which is from agilent. I will connect it to the Tenma DMM which allows me to measure AS and DC at the same time. This will become apparent based on the DC power we use that a part of the overall current is provided in DC and AC in the impulse power. This has an impact on the overall power absorption on the battery and is measured in RMS. The oscilloscope will take the impulse power and is providing the amplitude value of the EMF signal, not RMS. I will use her one Agilent DMM and will use many more in the future testings because I have remote bluetooth remote logging and measure capability which no data acquisition system in world can provide today, except from Agilent now Keysight. I point out the measurement via a tablet. I present you now the setup of the one module system. I connect one coil to it connect the rest to battery and signal generator. We move on to two modules and later in the next video to 4 and 8 modules.

Clip 6

Clip 6

I show you now the logging systems I use on the laptop. I measure the DMM via the browser and get the current from the Tenma DMM  in the window below, not started at the moment.

Clip 7

Clip 7

 I have now started the system and we are running now for a couple of seconds and we have already charged to 121 mV. The Agilent U1231A in the middle shows a higher value than the Keithley. That is because it can measure transients as well and adding to the overall voltage present.

Clip 8

Clip 8

 The Agilent U1231A is connected in parallel to the battery and is picking up the transients. WE will see over 13 Volt in a minute. The current on the Tenma show a close value to the source current. Around 660-670 mA. It shows the same value now RMS than the power source in DC. This current is the energy from the back EMF pulse of the coil. if I add now DC the I get a higher value of 738 mA. This is AC + DC. This does indicate an overall gain compared to the input power.

Clip 9

Clip 9

 We have reached now 12.320 Volt. I have on the Tenma removed the DC value and show now the same value than the power supply. That is a very precise measurement. The Agilent DMM is very sensitive and shows now over 13 Volt, based on the impulse voltage the battery receives.

Clip 10

Clip 10

 I have now increased slightly the frequency and increased the pulse width by 1%. I have the same power consumption. The overall battery voltage is indicated as 13.13 Volt shown on the tablet as well. I will stop at 12.4 Volt and add all details on the board.

Clip 11

Clip 11

 We reached now the end with 12.398 Volt. The Tenma is indicating the current frequency between 420-440 Hz. This is now our end result with 13.15 Volt on the battery, including impuse voltage.

Clip 12

Clip 12

 The system is now at rest and as you can see we have a voltage on the battery of 12.18 Volt which is reflected on Keithley and Agilent. The curve on the chart is nice going up.

Clip 13

Clip 13

 On the chart you can see that we have again the three zones. Fast at the beginning medium in the middle and slow at the end. I opt for the average and come to a value of 4 minutes and 11 seconds as my average for the calculation.

Clip 14

Clip 14

 We integrate our measurements into the formula

V = 290 Volt Peak Transient after Voltage drop, Max = 14.5 Volt
I = 4.02 A
P= V * I = 14.5 Volt * 4.02 A = 58.3 Watt impulse power

V = 13 Volt Power Source, I = 0.68 A, 8.84 Watt DC
V = 14.5 Volt Transient, ACI = 0.67A = 9.72 Watt RMS
With ACI + DCI = 0.738 A, = 10.7 Watt RMS

COP = 1.21 or 121 % of performance

Clip 15

Clip 15

 We integrate our measurements into the formula

V = 13 Volt Power Supply
I = 0.68 A
P= V * I = 13 Volt * 0.68 A = 8.84 Watt

Frequency 420-440 Hz, Pulse width 40-41%
100 mV charge in 4 Minutes 11 Seconds * 15 = 62.45 Minutes or
1 Hour and 2.45 Minutes
Power requirement = 8.84 Watt * 1.04 h = 0.0092 KWh

From a 60 Watt battery charger, charged to 13.5 Volt in 39 Minutes and 12 Seconds
Power consumption is 39.12 Watt or 0.03912 KWh

The charge power performance is 442% compared to the standard
charger or COP of 4.42 but from a charging time of view only to 62.64%
decreasing the overall COP to around COP >2

Clip 16

Clip 16

 We continue now with the two module energizing combination. We have both modules connected in parallel each of them to one coil. The battery pack is providing power to both driver of the amplifiers.

Clip 17

Clip 17

 Now let us look at the base condition for starting our charging period with two modules. Our starting voltage is 12.08 Volt. Both, the Keithley and the Agilent confirm accurate the readings. The tablet connected via bluetooth to the Agilent does indicate the same value. WE have than again connected the agilent current probe to the Tenma DMM but not reading current values at the moment. We are recording information in AC and DC and compare it to the input power from the power supply.

Clip 18

Clip 18

As you can see here we are now not even 30 seconds into the test sequence and have charged the battery already 300 mV.  Our input current has increased from 680 mA to 750 mA. That is an increase of 70 mA or around 10% more only. The back Emf is creating resistance in the wire and therefore not allowing twice as much current to flow. That is a deficiency which need to be addressed. I measure current in RMS 824 mA, AC. Adding the DC value is reaching 935 mA. That is much more than what we put in. A great result. The pulse current reading has increased by 1 Ampere, visible on the green line. voltage is almost the same maybe 1-2 volt higher. We have now reached 12.4 Volt. This level has been reached in below one minute. The pulse voltage is lower as can be seen on the Agilent DMM. It does not show above 13 Volt anymore and is now closer to the value the keithley shows. This does also prove that the EMF in the coil is suppressing voltage increase but increases the current. Something we would expect from Ohms law.

Clip 19

Clip 19

 I have now 5 minutes past in the test and we have reached 500 mV charge. An astonishing result for adding only one more module and only 70 mA increase in current. I might like to charge higher but this value does give me a good point to define my average for this test.

Clip 20

Clip 20

 I provide you here with a close up of the meters. In the previous test the power reading was higher. Here we around 30 Watt. I will calculate that later in more details and put all information on the board.

Clip 22

Clip 22

 We integrate our measurements into the formula

V = 260 Volt Peak Transient after Voltage drop, Max = 13.5 Volt
I = 6.1 A
P= V * I = 13.5 Volt * 3.05 A = 41.17 Watt impulse power

V = 13 Volt Power Source, I = 0.75 A, 9.75 Watt DC
V = 13.5 Volt Transient, ACI = 0.82 A = 11.07 Watt RMS
With ACI + DCI = 0.935 A, = 12.62 Watt RMS

COP = 1.29 or 129 % of performance

Clip 23

Clip 23

 We integrate our measurements into the formula

V = 13 Volt Power Supply
I = 0.75 A
P= V * I = 13 Volt * 0.75 A = 9.75 Watt

Frequency 420-440 Hz, Pulse width 40-41%
100 mV charge in 1 Minutes 10 Seconds * 15 = 17.3 Minutes

Power requirement = 9.75 Watt * 0.29 h = 0.0028 KWh

From a 60 Watt battery charger, charged to 13.5 Volt in 39 Minutes and 12 Seconds
Power consumption is 39.12 Watt or 0.03912 KWh

The charge performance is 1402% compared to the standard
charger or COP of 14.02 based on power consumption and overall in time
2.26 times faster, increasing the COP to 31.7 or 3170%

Clip 24

Clip 24

 Summary

The Solid state driver via the Isolation transformer does yield great potential.
The increase in performance between one and two modules is exponential
with less than 10% of increase in current. It becomes clear that adding a
module does not mean an increase in power consumption by 100%.
However it does have an impact which is twofold. 1. The power output as
impulse and DC power is exceeding the input power. 2. The chemical
reaction of the battery and the result of creating a charge in a fraction of
the time does only scratch the surface of the top of the iceberg.
What is important to note is that all calculations are linear. That is not correct
because the battery increase the resistance with charge. In order to charge
complete to 13.5 Volt much more current is required. Or maybe not, you
will see. The system has a lot of deficiencies. We lose most of the power in
the magnetic flux leakage. Frequency variation between each module is also
important and to be considered here. Adding both factors into the design will create
an energy generator which has not been seen since Steven Marks and EV Gray’s.

Clip 25

Clip 25

 End of Part 1
Solid State driven
Battery charger

Clip 29