– Clip 1 Introduction – Clip 2 Course Description – Clip 3 Test Parameters – Clip 4 Test Equipment – Clip 5 Bedini SSG – Clip 6 Component Introduction – Clip 7 2N3055 with Neon shunt – Clip 8 2N3055 Charge Ratet – Clip 9 2N3055 high charge rate – Clip 10 2N3055 charge Chart – Clip 11 Transient duration – Clip 12 Power Analysis – Clip 13 Charge window – Clip 14 End of charge calculation – Clip 15 2N3055 Charge Time – Clip 16 Calculation 1 – Clip 17 Introduction TIP142 – Clip 18 Neon shunt values – Clip 19 Power analysis – Clip 20 Charging rate – Clip 21 Power analysis at charge – Clip 22 TIP142 charge chart – Clip 23 Calculation 2 – Clip 24 Introduction BUX127 – Clip 25 No load energy rating, neon shunt – Clip 26 Charging rate – Clip 27 Power measurement – Clip 28 End of charge window – Clip 29 BUX127 charge chart – Clip 30 Calculation3 – Clip 31 Summary – Clip 32 End of Part 2

Clip 1

Clip 1

In this series we focus on using different transistors and replace the neodymium magnets with Ferrite or Ceramic magnets with the same dimension. The wheel and the magnets are the fixed parameter. Now let’s see if the use of a different transistor makes a difference.

Clip 2

Clip2

Back EMF charging via
Ceramic Magnets Part 2

– Analyze the performance of the transistor 2N3055, Darlington TIP142
and Darlington BUX127
– Replace Neodymium Magnets with Ferrite (Ceramics) Magnets
– Measure the charging rate and compare with the 60 Watt charger

Clip 3

Clip 3

Test Parameters

1. Voltage source 1 is a Bench Top Power Supply
2. Voltage source 2 are two batteries with 12 Volt and 8 AH
3. Bedini SSG circuit with 2N3055, TIP142 and BUX127
4, 2 Bifilar solenoids to drive the wheel
5 Motor wheel made of Nylon 6 with 3 kg or 6 pound rotor
6. Ferrite (Ceramic) magnets replacement in the wheel

Clip 4

Clip 4

Test Equipment Part 2

Tools

– Keithley 2110 Bench Digital Multimeter 5.5 Handheld DMM’s
– Agilent InfiniiVision 7000 Series oscilloscope MSO7014B
– Tenma DMM
– UNI-T current clamp
– HP Laptop
– Bench Top Power Supply 20 Volt 5 A

Clip 5

Clip 5

All circuits will exactly follow the
Schematics. I use here the 1 KOhm resistor
in total from which 500 Ohm, 50 Watt are
a Rheostat, 2 X 200 Ohm 50 Watt wire
wound Rheostat and a 2 Watt
100 Ohm resistor to the base.

Clip 6

 

Clip 6

We come back now to the Radiant energy project of charging a battery from the Back EMF or Transients. I have done now some modifications. We tested in the first part the 2N3055 with the wheel and the neodymium magnets. I have now replaced this magnets with Ceramics as suggested by Bedini. I expect a much sharper response of the transients because the magnetic field is not so strong and can act very local. The distance of the magnets to the solenoids are now only 2 mm. I will go briefly through the transistors only but I will not go through the connections anymore. They are all the same as outlined in the first video. The only difference will be that I have to use more resistance to the base so that we utilize now 1KOhm. I will perform for each transistor a benchmark test including power readings and plot a chart. All results will be compared to the 60 watt charger and the summary will provide an overview at the end.

Clip 7

Clip 7

I have now connected in my first test the 2N3055 at first without load only shunted via the neon. I read the shunted value with 170 volt. That is 3 times as much as we had before. We still have 72 Volt on the base. This is a very high value and is the result of the circulating back EMF and not the pure voltage from the magnet. What we see at the first glance is that the ceramic magnets are performing much, much better. We read at the battery to charge 12.042 Volt and will now connect the charging cable from the Back EMF. The driving battery reads 12.401 Volt. A similar situation as seen before. It is not depleting when driving. The laptop is connected to record the voltage over time. We connect and see a high jump in voltage of around 12 mV per 5 second record interval, slowing down then to 3-5 mV per recording interval. The current requirement reads 354 mA at 12.415 Volt on the driving battery and increasing in voltage. I let that run now for some time and revisit later.

Clip 8

Clip 8

I increased the current a little bit more which is required when the battery reaches a higher voltage. A fixed value would have to be from the start very high. I will summarize that at the end. It does now deplete the driving batter and read a max voltage on the charging voltage of 3 Volt. It looks the same as before but we are charging fast. The wheel frequency is 140-150 Hz. That is 50% higher than before. We now read only 9 volt on the base voltage which is an average  good safety margin for the transistor. I consider 150 Hz to use for my RPM speed calculation.

Clip 9

Clip 9

We past now the 10 minute mark and I have over 100 mV charged. The performance has increased significant, compared to our first test. I am at 12.146 Volt and started at 12.042 volt. I let it charge for another 100 mV and take the average for the calculation. The frequency is now 157 Hz which I will use for my RPM calculation.

Clip 10

Clip 10

Here I give you a rough overview of the plotted chart. You notice the fast initial charge but then the continues steady charge. For this we had to increase the current to overcome the threshold between battery resistance and charge value. I read the actual current requirement as 414 mA. I will use this value and put it on the board. Our voltage measures now 12.350 Volt.

Clip 11

Clip 11

I have now zoomed in on the transient to provide you with the characteristic of this spike. I read 13.2 μs. I provide the frequency calculation on the board. This spike occurs in a window of 154 Hz. A very brief moment. The base voltage is in a safe region of 9.4 Volt. I will now connect a current probe and see how that pans out.

Clip 12

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Clip 12

I have now the current probe connected but as you can see the values are very low. The magnets we used before did provide more current. We read only 700-800 mA. Regardless, the battery is charging just fine. We are close to 200 mV at the moment. The time to achieve this rate was very short.

Clip 13

Clip 13

We have reached after 20 minutes 12.197 Volt. We have almost 200 mV charged. Looking at the current requirement and the voltage of 12.320 Volt gives a power consumption of 5.1 Watt/h. This is 1/12 compared to the battery charger. Based on this charging rate we should reach 13.5 Volt in 150 minutes.

Clip 14

Clip 14

The speed of the wheel has increased a little bit and we reach our target Voltage value of 12.242 Volt. This marks a 200 mV window. I will use the average for my linear calculation. I will move then on to the next transistor which is the TIP142.

Clip 15

Clip 15

The plotted chart marks the time frame I will use as the benchmark. It is now 17 minutes to charge 100 mV. It is twice as fast as in our first test.

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Clip 16

We integrate our measurements into the formula

V = 12.320 Volt Neo Magnets charge time was 34 Minutes or 8.6 hours
I = 0.4 14 A Transient frequency is 768 KHz in a 154 Hz window
P= V * I = 12.32 Volt * 0.414 A = 5.1 Watt

RPM = HZ/8*60 = 154/8*60 = 1155
100 mV charge in 17 Minutes * 15 = 255 Minutes or 4.25 Hours
Power requirement = 5.1 Watt * 4.25 h = 21.68 Watt

From 60 Watt battery charger, charged to 13.5 Volt in 39 Minutes and 12 Seconds
Power consumption is 39.12 Watt

The charge performance is now more efficient and improved by 200%

Clip 17

Clip 17

The TIP142 Darlington Transistor

We use in the Bedini SSG circuit now the TIP142. This is a Darlington
Power rating: 125 Watt, 100 volt 10 A, peak 20 A. NPN
Emitter-base voltage (IC = 0) = 5 Volt and base current is 0.5 A.

Clip 18

Clip 18

I have now the TIP142 running in the circuit and the speed of the wheel is very high with 104 Hz. We measure 124 Volt on the EMF side. The voltage should be high enough to discharge via the neon but it does not. The base voltage measures 27 Volt.

Clip 19

Clip 19

I have now the current probe connected and measure the power values. We use 1 KOhm on the base. It measures 105 Watt via the neon shunt with over 2 A current. Current draw is 750 mA.

Clip 20

Clip 20

I connect now the charging battery. The RPM of the wheel is slowing down. That is the only transistor which has an effect on the RPM. The EMF floor voltage is 9 Volt. It charges very fast. Base voltage is reduced to 13 Volt. I increase the resistance to the base and the RPM of the wheel increases and the charge rate continues with high values. I charge in less than 2 minutes over 100 mV. We read 4 watt of power left after the voltage drop. Floor voltage is now around 4 Volt and 100 Hz RPM. The driving battery drain is high.

Clip 22

Clip 22

The charge time chart shows nice the steep curve. I take a level in the middle for my calculation. As you can see the higher the voltage the slower the charge. The resistance of the battery increases with increased voltage. It is impressive that my value for the TIP142 is 2 Minutes and 25 Seconds.

Clip 23

Clip 23

We integrate our measurements into the formula

V = 12. Volt The TIP142 is the clear winner over the traditional charger
I = 0.750 A
P= V * I = 12 Volt * 0.750 A = 9 Watt

RPM = HZ/8*60 = 100/8*60 = 750
100 mV charge in 2 Minutes and 25 Seconds* 15 = 36.25 Minutes
Power requirement = 9 Watt * 36.25 Minutes = 5.44 W/h

From 60 Watt battery charger, charged to 13.5 Volt in 39 Minutes and 12 Seconds
Power consumption is 39.12 W/h

The charge performance is faster and over 700% more efficient

Clip 24

Clip 24

The BUX127 Darlington Transistor

We use in the Bedini SSG circuit now the BUX127. This is a Darlington
Power rating: 125 Watt, 400 volt, 15 A. NPN
Emitter-base voltage (IC = 0) = 7 Volt and base current is 0.5 A.

Clip 25

Clip 25

My first test is to show the run characteristic with only the neon shunt. I can tell that the voltage is so high that I had fast to increase the resistance to the maximum. It did spark on the circuit and across the conducting strips on the circuit board. The EMF voltage is 450 Volt. current is 1 A. It measures over 200 Watt. The current draw is only 215 mA in the circuit. The power supply measures 4.8 Watt.

Clip 26

Clip 26

I have now connected the charging battery and can tell that I have been shocked by the back EMF through the insulation. The mechanical condition has not changed but the Darlington Transistor is creating much sharper transients. I have also to note that the wheel need to be turned quite fast in order for the base to pick up voltage and run. It charged in seconds 100 mA. The driving battery idles at the same voltage. Charging rate is 3-5 mV per 5 second interval. After voltage drop we still measure 50 Volt. That will go down when we optimize the view around the same value as we have seen before.

Clip 27

Clip 27

I have optimised the view on the scope and we read now 5.3 Volt for the EMF. Frequency is 120 Hz. That is an RPM of 900. 1.92 Watt at 1.9 A. I measure the current in the circuit with 438 mA at 12 Volt. Further measurement did reveal only 384 mA in the circuit but I will use the higher current requirement for my power consumption. The driving battery is losing slowly power.

Clip 28

Clip 28

We are now close at the 200 mV mark. That gives us for 12 Minutes 200 mV. I will provide all details  on the board.

Clip 29

Clip 29

We see on the chart the very steep curve at the beginning and then a nice steady trend upwards. I use the value in between the chart curve for my average and calculate 5 Minutes for 100 mV.

Clip 30

Clip 30

We integrate our measurements into the formula

V = 12. Volt
I = 0.438 A
P= V * I = 12 Volt * 0.438 A = 5.26 Watt

RPM = HZ/8*60 = 120/8*60 = 900
100 mV charge in 5 Minutes * 15 = 75 Minutes
Power requirement = 5.26 Watt * 75 Minutes = 7.89 Watt

From 60 Watt battery charger, charged to 13.5 Volt in 39 Minutes and 12 Seconds
Power consumption is 39.12 W/h

The charge performance is twice as long but with 1/5 of the power requirement

Clip 31

Clip 31

Charging Summary via Ceramics

– The 2N3055 has an increased performance of 200% compared to the use of
Neodymium magnets but still not good enough, place 3
– The TIP142 is the competition winner but it is getting very hot, losing energy
– The BUX127 has very high transients and is running very cool on second place
– Battery charge rate has increased dramatic and makes it a viable solution.
– Downside is that not much control of transients can be executed.
– Another handicap is that the current has to increase with higher Voltage charge
That is not considered at all with wheel charge and would have to be dynamical
applied which requires voltage and current regulation for efficient charging.

Clip 32

Clip 32

End of Part 2
Back EMF charging with the use
of Ceramic Magnets