– Clip 1 Part 2 – Clip 2 Battery Benchmark – Clip 3 Test Equipment – Clip 4 Battery Setup – Clip 5 Battery Discharge – Clip 6 Discharge Chart 1 – Clip 7 Discharge Chart 2 – Clip 8 Discharge Chart – Clip 9 Battery Charge Setup – Clip 10 Charge Chart 1 – Clip 11 Charge Chart 2 – Clip 12 Discharge Chart – Clip 13 Charge Chart – Clip 14 Calculations 1 – Clip 15 Harnessing Back EMF – Clip 16 Components – Clip 17 Resistance Measurements – Clip 18 Calculations 2 – Clip 19 Coil connection – Clip 20 Measure RPM – Clip 21 Back EMF – Clip 22 Shunted Secondary – Clip 23 Driving Load – Clip 24 Snubber Diode – Clip 25 Earth connection – Clip 26 Capacitor – Clip 27 Bridge Rectifier – Clip 28 Current Probe – Clip 29 Current Draw – Clip 30 Calculations 3 – Clip 31 Resume – Clip 32 First Summary – Clip 33 End Part2

Clip 1

Clip 1

Part 2 of the Radiant Energy series

Radiant Energy
Magnetic Shielding VS Magnetic Repulsion
Category: Magnetic Fields

Lecture by
TheOldScientist
Powered by Vortices Dynamics

Clip 2

Clip2

Benchmark Testing and Harnessing
EMF

– Measure the voltage drop for a load from 13.5 Volt to 11 Volt
– Measure the recharge time to the battery start level voltage
– Compare power requirements and time frame
– show options to harness back EMF
– Analyse the characteristic of drawing power from the EMF

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Clip 3

Test Equipment Part 2

Tools

– Keithley 2110 Bench 5.5 Digital Multimeter
– Agilent InfiniiVision 7000 Series oscilloscope MSO7014B
– Optical Digital handheld Tachometer
– UNI-T UT203 Current Digital Clamp Meter
– 12 Volt sine wave inverter 500 Watt
– 65 Watt halogen bulb as load
– HP Laptop to record the Multimeter measurements

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Clip 4

I am providing a benchmark test for our continued investigation of magnetic fields and energy harnessing from electrical systems. We use a laptop to plot a chart. Data is provided via the Keithley digital multimeter. The multimeter is connected to the battery. The battery is connected to sinewave inverter, 500 watt. We connect a load of 65 watt light bulb to it. We discharge until the battery is reaching the dropout point  of 11 Volt. WE will then charge the battery with aan charger with the same amount requirement as the load, 60-65 Watt. The time for reaching the starting value of the battery will be taken and later compared. This value is then our benchmark for further test to which we will reference as the market standard.

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Clip 5

We have started the test now. The voltage dropped very fast to 11.952 Volt. Measurements are taken in 5 second intervals. The voltage is dropping in small steps and looks like it will take more than 1 hour until 11 Volt will be reached. However the 8 AH battery is not very strong and the load of 65 Watt is very high. Let’s see how long it takes until we reach 11 Volt.

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Clip 6

10 MInutes into the test we can see on the graph a first sharp drop within one minute to below 12 Volt and is then very slowly  dropping. We are at the moment at 11.891 Volt and the battery make small steps in dropping the voltage level.

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Clip 7

We are now 16 minutes into the test and have reached 11.7 Volt. The initial drop of voltage is good to see and also the steady degradation of voltage. Here is a dropout point at 11 Volt. 16-18 minutes have now passed. I assume it might take one hour or longer until 11 Volt is reached

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Clip 8

Now after 23 minutes and 30 seconds the performance did suddenly drop below 11 Volt. The inverter did sound an alarm. The next charting I will produce is for charging the battery.

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Clip 9

Without even charging the battery it has after 10 minutes reach on it’s own 12 Volt. Now let get it back to the 13.5 Volt and see how, long it takes. I start the charger now. You can after 5 seconds see the jump up in voltage on the chart. I read on the wattmeter 63 Watt charging power drawn from the grid. That is the same amount of power the light bulb did draw from the battery. The charge level indicator shows zero power. We are at the moment at 12.5 Volt level from the battery. Interval for measurements is 5 seconds. The higher the charged value on the battery the lower the power draw from the grid. I still measured on a full charged battery 33 Watt on the charger. I will give it now some time and come back when we reach 13.4 – 13.5 Volt.

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Clip 10

38 Minutes have passed charging the battery. We are at 13.4 Volt. You can see on the chart that there are small dips in the charging pattern and we still have not reached our previous value of voltage on the battery. The power requirement from the charger is at the moment 48 Watt. Power indicator does say we have not reached 50% of charging level. What I can already say is that charging takes much longer than discharging.

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Clip 11

We have now over one hour charging time and not reached the initial value of over 14 Volt. The power level indicator on the charger says not even 50% charge level reached. It might be incorrect.

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Clip 12

The Voltage Drop Chart. I have marked with blue lines events for time and voltage. This line represents a typical battery discharge behaviour. This is not obvious when daily used but is critical to know to allow to calculate power requirements correct and select the right AH for your system.

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Clip 13

Voltage Charging Time does show a very dramatic misconfiguration in terms of power usage and power refill. This way of charging a battery is inefficient.

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Clip 14

We integrate our measurements into the formula

Voltage Drop Power Analysis
Power Supply 12 V 8 AH
Load 65 Watt
Illuminated for 22.50 Minutes = 0.021 KWH

Voltage Recharge Time
Charge 60 Watt to 13.5 Volt
Charged in 39.12 Minutes = 0.039 KWH

To recharge requires
186% of power.

Very Inefficient

Clip 15

Clip 15

Harnessing the Back EMF
Components

– Solenoid with bifilar winding SWG 25 and 22, ( instructions for build will be provided, once a successful coil system is developed.) Here only as demonstration as proof of concept.

– 12 Volt 5 Watt Light bulb
– Second 12 Volt 8 AH Battery
– Diode 1N4007
– 50 Watt 500 Ohm Rheostat ( will be used in the next part)

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Clip 16

In order to harness the Back EMF I have to create an additional circuit. The direct connection to the primary circuit would render the system inoperational. I have here a solenoid coil I did build and will use for my comparison of stator topologies in later videos. Here I simply use it as a transformer. It is not the most efficient transformer but a good indicator of performance. The magnetic flux and coupling is very high. I use two sets coils wound in parallel. One with SWG 22 and one with SWG22. They have ten layers and 950 windings each. i connect SWG 22 in series into circuit, which will increase the overall resistance of the stators, which I have to compensate by increasing the driving voltage. I have also a 50 Ohm rheostat I will use later. I connect now the coil and will see how that behaves.

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Clip 17

I provide a 4 wire resistance measurement and read 8 Ohm. That is more than twice as much as we had before. I have to take this new value into considerator for my reduced performance of the motor. I will use a bench top power supply to allow me to compensate voltage for that.

Clip 18

Clip 18

We integrate our measurements into the formula

Via 12 Volt Battery

I = V/R = 12 Volt / 8 Ohm = 1.5 A
P = V * A = 12 Volt * 1.5 A = 30 Watt

Via Benchtop Power Supply

18 Volt / 8 Ohm = 2.25 A
18 Volt * 2.25 A = 40.5 Watt

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Clip 19

Here you see how the coil is connected into the circuit and we are connecting the control circuit to the benchtop power supply. I will also measure the RPM to reach the same value we have without the additional coil connected in series. The RPM was 560-570.

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Clip 20

We start with the original 12 Volt and measure the RPM. We had before 770 mA and read now 390-400 mA. I assume it will get down to 350 mA. We read on the tachometer 443 RPM. We have to increase the voltage to reach previous level. I increase to 15 Volt and measure 511 RMP and increase further to 18 Volt. We have now read 557 RMP. We take that as a new value.

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Clip 21

We measure now on the secondary coil the value and take the waveform. The back EMF is very clean defined. The initial frequency between 75-80 Hz is reached. It is important to note that increasing the voltage does not give you a higher EMF value in terms of voltage. This is always the same and independent from that. it can only be increased by using more coil windings. However on a toroid you have only limited space for that. We have now increased the voltage by 50% to 18 Volt. The current is now at 590 mA. We will see later that this is conform to Ohms law. Let’s now do a couple of tests on the secondary coil.

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Clip 22

My first test is now to short circuit the secondary coil.  I get the EMF down in a safe fashion and increase the RPM of the motor by increasing slightly the current by 50 mA. The EMF is fed back into the system and helps to drive performance. That is an increase of efficiency.

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Clip 23

I connect a load. here a 5 Watt, 12 Volt light bulb. Please pay attention to the input power. When I connect the light bulb now, the input current is reduced. The RPM of the motor does not change and the back EMF spike is reduced and stretched. I draw energy from the EMF. This is a reduced value compared to the short circuit. The difference here is I drive an additional load from it. Penalisation does not occur for the additional load.

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Clip 24

Repeating my snubber diode test as industrial standard to deal with Back EMF. It is in parallel connected to the secondary coil of the solenoid. pay attention to the change in power requirement and also in the performance drop of the light bulb and the RPM of the motor. The current requirements increases sharp. The waveform is not as clean as it was with shortening the secondary. Big drop in efficiency. A big No No.

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Clip 25

let us try to connect to the secondary Earth connection or grounding. To my surprise the circuit is not affected by it at all.

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Clip 26

I do now a similar test with connecting a capacitor in parallel to the load. The single spike of EMF is now split in two. I add a second capacitor on top. The two waveforms are more defined . current requirements are down but so is brightness of the light bulb and RPMN of the motor. It reduces only the current requirements without any benefit for the circuit.

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Clip 27

I will now rectify the AC from the coil and see how the light bulb behaves. It does work in the same fashion with no change. The DC value without load will be much higher but when connected to the load the voltage drop will be very sharp below 12 Volt.

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Clip 28

I have now connect the current probe to the oscilloscope to measure the current behaviour from the circuit to the load. I measure now two values. One of peak-peak and one for RMS. The peak-peak does give me the highest value per cycle but the RMs shows only the value calculated to the relevant evens. here I see only 1-2 watt. The brightness of the light bulb does differ. Important is we are not talking about high frequency circuits here, so fluctuation fro frequency cannot account here for such levels of performance. The input power is now decreased to around 9 Watt. Good to see is also the current requirement has dropped. The reason for that is that the temperature of the solenoid coils is increasing which means the resistance it increasing. This is one of the problems they found with the Magnacoaster from Richard Willis.

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Clip 29

I show now the amperage of the current probe to show you what happens when I connect the load. On no load you see 54 Volt and 350 mA. Under load you see 30 Volt and 790 mA. The current on the input power did drop a lot to 470 mA. The solenoid is getting hot. What is important is that the input power does not increase when the load is connected. We call that delayed Lenz effect. That is similar to the Thane Heins device. See chapter 3.4 On Patrick J, Kelly’s book . You search for Patrick and find the link on my websites.

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Clip 30

We integrate our measurements into the formula

Power drawn for the motor is 18 Volt and 0.49 A
Power is 18 Volt * 0.49 A = 8.82 Watt.
Back EMF is 65 Volt, no load current is 0.35 A,
Potential is 65 Volt * 0.35 A = 22.75 Watt as measured

Energy drawn for the bulb
EMF down to 30 Volt, current up to 0.79 A
Potential is 30 Volt * 0.79 A = 23.7 Watt

Clip 31

Clip 31

Partial conversion of back EMF
to useful energy

No penalty on the power providing side

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Clip 32

 First Summary

– Voltage increase to 18 Volt is behaving within Ohm’s law
– Secondary coil is insensitive to ground connection on the load side
– Adding capacitance across the load has no benefits
– Adding a snubber diode does show the same deficits
– Load connection is drawing energy from the Back EMF
– Load brightness does not change when using rectified current
– Power draw for the motor does not change when connecting the load
– Additional coil is getting fairly warm, losing energy

Clip 33

Clip 33

End of Part 2
Power Benchmark Test
Harnessing Back EMF

Clip 34