– Clip 1 Part 3 – Clip 2 Magnetic Repulsion via Solenoids – Clip 3 Test Equipment – Clip 4 Introduction – Clip 5 Construction of the Motor with Solenoids – Clip 6 Resistance Bifilar in series – Clip 7 Run time Bifilar in series – Clip 8 Bifilar Resistance in parallel – Clip 9 Run-time Bifilar in series – Clip 10 Resistance SWG25 in series – Clip 11 Run-time SWG25 in series – Clip 12 Resistance SWG22 in series – Clip 13 Run-time SWG22 in series – Clip 14 Calculations Bifilar setting – Clip 15 Calculation Unifilar setting – Clip 16 EMF Test Introduction – Clip 17 SWG25 in parallel – Clip 18 Power measurement on secondary coil one – Clip 19 RMS value for current – Clip 20 Power measurement on the secondary of the second coil – Clip 21 Power measurement both secondary in parallel – Clip 22 Both secondary shunted in series – Clip 23 Calculation Solenoid versus Toroids – Clip 24 Toroid Summary – Clip 25 Solenoid Summary – Clip 26 End of Part 3

Clip 1

Clip 1

Part 3 of the Radiant Energy series

Radiant Energy
Magnetic Shielding VS Magnetic Repulsion
Category: Magnetic Fields

Lecture by
TheOldScientist
Powered by Vortices Dynamics

Clip 2

Clip2

Magnetic Repulsion via Solenoids

– Configure various coil connections
– Get for each parameter measurement and performants statistics
– Harness back EMF to drive a load
– Compare the performance between toroid and solenoid coils

Clip 3

Clip 3

Test Equipment Part 3

Tools

– Keithley 2110 Bench 5.5 Digital Multimeter
– Agilent InfiniiVision 7000 Series oscilloscope MSO7014B
– Optical Digital handheld Tachometer
– 12 Volt, 5 Watt light bulb

Clip 4

Clip 4

We look in the third part of the radiant energy series on solenoid coils and measure their characteristic as repulsive magnetic field generator to drive the rotor of the motor. In addition I investigate how the back EMF is visible and how we can extract it, here in the Bedini SG form. In the first phase only as direct driving a load and later in charging mode of batteries.

Clip 5

Clip 5

As you can see here I use only two solenoids, right and left to drive the rotor. I have aligned the solenoid of the magnets with North pole facing outside. I used one of the coil in the previous video to extract energy from the toroids. All the procedures we conducted before will be executed here as well. We measure, RPM, current requirement to voltage and how much energy can be harnessed via a load from the secondary coil which is wound in parallel on the same solenoid.

Clip 6

Clip 6

Both solenoids are now connected Bifilar in series. I measure 12.459 Ohm. Because of this resistance value I have to increase the driving voltage to 18 Volt and measure the RPM and current requirement.

Clip 7

Clip 7

I have started the motor now of the in series connected Bifilar coils. I measure 230mA at 18 volt. We have a reduced spike of back EMF. The average is still around the 20 Volt. We can see this because both coils are not identical in thickness and cause a differential potential which is manifest as EMF spike. Identical coils will not show that and will perform better.

Clip 8

Clip 8

I have now connected the Bifilar coils in Parallel. This decreases the resistance dramatic. I have therefore to reduce the voltage back to 12 Volt. We measure 2.095 Ohm. I will take that into consideration for my calculation on the blackboard.

Clip 9

Clip 9

I have started now the motor and notice that the current requirement is similar to the toroids in series. We had there 770 mA. We measure here 700 mA. Our back EMF was slightly higher but within the same range. It shows the same characteristic based on the two different coils on the same solenoid in use. I take a note of the speed and I measure 676 RPM under this configuration. .

Clip 10

Clip 10

I have connected now both solenoids on SWG25 in series and measure a resistance of 8.238 Ohm. After a set of test I will use the SWG22 coil and preform the same tests. Because of the higher resistance I choose 18 Volt to drive the motor.

Clip 11

Clip 11

I have now started the motor. The current measurement is similar to what we had before around 700 mA. We measure 640 mA. It is 4 Ohm less than before. I adjust the scale on the oscilloscope that you can see the back EMF spike value. I measure now 55 Volt as spike value. The RPM speed is only 634. It is less what it was under the Bifilar setting.

Clip 12

Clip 12

I measure the resistance now for the SWG22 coils in series. I read 4.337 Ohm. Because of this low value I have to reduce the voltage back down to 12 Volt. I will take these values into consideration and add them to the calculations on the blackboard.

Clip 13

Clip 13

I start up the motor and read for 12 Volt 500 mA. Important to note is that the back EMF is identical to what it was before. The back EMF is independent from the power and voltage you use and is related only to the magnet strength and the coil dimension. Interesting is that the toroid had far less winding’s and did show a higher back EMF value. I will investigate that in detail later. The RPM reading is only 614. A lower value than before.

Clip 14

Clip 14

We integrate our measurements into the formula

Bifilar setting

Solenoids Bifilar in series
12.459 Ohm, 18 Volt, 0.22 A (measured)
RPM = 541

I = V/R = 18 Volt / 12.46 Ohm = 1.44 A
P = V * A = 18 Volt * 0.22 A = 3.96 Watt

Solenoids Bifilar in parallel
3.095 Ohm, 12 Volt, 0.69 A (measured)
RPM = 676

I = V/R = 12 Volt / 3.095 Ohm = 3.88 A
P = V * A = 12 Volt * 0.69 A = 8.28 Watt

Clip 15

Clip 15

We integrate our measurements into the formula

 Unifilar setting

Solenoids SWG25 in series
8.238 Ohm, 18 Volt, 0.63 A (measured)
RPM = 634

I = V/R = 18 Volt / 8.238 Ohm = 2.19 A
P = V * A = 18 Volt * 0.63 A = 11.34 Watt

Solenoids SWG22 in series
4.337 Ohm, 12 Volt, 0.5 A (measured)
RPM = 614

I = V/R = 12 Volt / 3.095 Ohm = 3.88 A
P = V * A = 12 Volt * 0.5 A = 6 Watt

Clip 16

Clip 16

Power extraction from the EMF

– Measure the power extraction values from the secondary coils
– Connect to a single and to both secondary coils
– Compare the performance between toroid and solenoid coils

Clip 17

Clip 17

I have now added both secondary coils in parallel. On SWG25. I had to reduce the voltage to 8 Volt for the primary coil because it is at 12 Volt spinning so fast that I am afraid it will fly apart. Note, this wheel was my first design without the support from a fabricator. That means it does not have all the required specification for a wheel to withstand high speed and show low vibration. That will change because I have now ordered material and get it machined to my specifications. I will show that later and hope I get RPMs in the couple of 1000’s for less current draw and voltage. On the scope you see that each secondary does have almost identical EMF values. I will now add a load on each side and measure the performance.

Clip 18

Clip 18

I have now connected the load to the first secondary coil. I also connected a current clamp to measure the current through the load. You see the no load idle current from the current clamp. This is simple just the background noise or magnetic fields from the mains AC. The voltage on both secondaries are almost equal around 61-62 Volt. The RPM is reduced which increases the current requirement for the motor. We read for the maximum spike on the current side almost 1 A. Voltage is reduced to around 50-52 Volt. Only a small fraction of the EMF voltage is used or converted into work.

Clip 19

Clip 19

I have now added RMS measurements for the current and read 40-60 mA. That is more realistic. The root mean square is an average of the whole wave cycle. It takes into considerations all values for each degree in wave and return the result. RMS is also not perfect here because it does not calculate the adaption of the load in form of reluctance of reaction to spikes. That means that when pushed via an avalanche of power or spike it might hold longer on to it than visible on the scope leading to a higher consumption and therefore higher return of energy from the load. This is typical for candescent loads or light bulbs.

Clip 20

Clip 20

I perform now the same test by connecting the load to the second coil. It is simply a test to see if both coils perform equal, and as you can see they do. That would be a quality test to see if coils are wound identical and perform within their parameters. We can draw energy from both coils but assume it will draw a lot of energy from it and would have a very negative feedback effect on the primary driving coil of the motor.

clip 21

Clip 21

I connect now both secondaries in parallel and connect the load. It seams to be slightly less demanding on the current draw from the source power. That means that this load shares it’s requirement now between two coils. Anything else looks the same.

Clip 22

Clip 22

I connect now both secondaries in series. As you see it this combination is fatal for the performance of the motor. The reason is I shunt coils and that has a negative feedback effect on the primary coils creating an opposite magnetic field, stopping the motor and drawing a create deal of current from the source power. When I connect then the load it draws a lot of current, diminishes the EMF and converting much more power from it to the light bulb. The max values are around 13 – 23 Volt of the back EMF. The standard deviation is only around 14 Volt now. The complete motor is almost stalling. This is not a combination I can recommend to use.

Clip 23

Clip 23

We integrate our measurements into the formula

SWG25 Coils in parallel to Toroid in series

Solenoids SWG25 in parallel
2.123 Ohm, 8 Volt, 0.74A (measured)
RPM = 740

I = V/R = 8 Volt / 2.123 Ohm = 3.77 A
P = V * A = 8 Volt * 0.74 A = 5.92 Watt

Toroids in series
3.784 Ohm, 12.37 Volt, 0.684 A (measured)
RPM = 560

I = V/R = 12.37 Volt / 3.784 Ohm = 3.27 A
P = V * A = 12.37 Volt * 0.684 A = 8.46 Watt

Two Solenoids require only 70% of power
to deliver 132% of RPM

Clip 24

Clip 24

Toroid Summary

– Toroids are depending on the attraction force to produce RPM.
– EMF can be harnessed without effecting the performance of the toroids
– Only very high grade nanocrystals can perform. They are very expensive.
– Limited space for winding’s are only available.
– To increase attractive force very strong magnets are required. N42 Neodymium.
– Demagnetization of the magnets does not take place.
– Limited torque is only available

Clip 25

Clip 25

Solenoid Summary

– Solenoids can create very strong magnetic fields.
– Any winding combination can be used and size.
– Taking the EMF from the secondary coil has a negative feedback effect on the coil.
– Any magnet can be used
– Demagnetization will take place and the exchange of magnets are required.
– Foot print and magnet wire length requirement of the solenoid is high.
– Very high RPM can be achieved
– Very high torque can be achieved

Clip 26

Clip 26

End of Part 3
Magnetic Repulsion via Solenoids

Clip 27